Geology is the Way – The blog about all things geologic!

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🇬🇧 Cross-bedding in fossil sand dunes, now s

🇬🇧 Cross-bedding in fossil sand dunes, now sandstones, of the Coconino Sandstone Formation. In migrating sand dune systems, the part that remain ‘preserved’ is the downwind side (lee side), with its laminae dipping towards the direction of advancement of the dune. This is very useful if you want to understand which way dominant winds were blowing in the past, in this case 275 million years ago in the Permian.
Horizontal scale: in the order of tens of meters.

🇮🇹 Stratificazione incrociata in dune eoliche fossili, ora arenarie, della Coconino Sandstone Formation. In sistemi di dune eoliche in migrazione, la parte che resta ‘preservata’ è il lato sottovento, le cui lamine sono inclinate nella direzione verso cui le dune avanzavano, sospinte dal vento. Questo è molto utile se vuoi capire in che direzione spiravano i venti dominanti nel passato, in questo caso 275 milioni di anni fa nel Permiano.
Scala orizzontale: dell’ordine di una decina.

⛏Coconino Sandstone
🕑Permian
🧭Walnut Canyon National Monument, AZ, USA

#sandstone #crossbedding #dune #coconino #desert #geology #geologia #arizona #usa #walnut #walnutcanyon #stratigraphy #sedimentology #sedimentary #geologyporn #geologystudent #science #nationalpark #rockhound #nature #earth #outcrop

🇬🇧 A collection of K-feldspar (orthoclase) c

🇬🇧 A collection of K-feldspar (orthoclase) crystals within granite in the ‘open air’ museum of the Elban coast👌

🇮🇹 Una collezione di cristalli di K-feldspato (ortoclasio) nel granito nel museo ‘all’aria aperta’ della costa Elbana👌

⛏Monte Capanne Monzogranite (Miocene)
🧭Sant’Andrea in Campo, Isola d’Elba, Italy

#geology #geologyrocks #geologypage #geologist #geología #feldspar #feldspato #granit #granite #granito #rockhound #nature #earth #outcrops #igneousrocks #elba #italy

🇬🇧 Tremolite crystals surrounded by very fin

🇬🇧 Tremolite crystals surrounded by very fine-grained talc and carbonates in a contact-metamorphosed carbonate rock.

🇮🇹 Cristalli di tremolite circondati da carbonati e talco a grana molto fine in una roccia carbonatica termometamorfica.

🔬 CPL | NX - PPL | N//
⇔ 3 mm

🧭Norsi, Island of Elba, Italy

#geology #geologyrocks #minerals #minerali #amphibole #tremolite #asbestos #skarn #marble #contactmetamorphism #metamorphism #elba #norsi #elbaisland #elbacolors #italy #italia #tuscany

I am almost cried of joy... Yes! We finally made i

I am almost cried of joy... Yes! We finally made it to Japan! I am sorry I didn't post much Apennine geology the past week. Am I excused if I start posting some nice Japanese outcrops?

#geology #researcher #research #academia #postdoc #science #jamstec #japan #earthquake #life #geologist

Free mineralogy museum 🇬🇧 A collection of c

Free mineralogy museum

🇬🇧 A collection of calcite crystals on display on a beach near Antignano (Leghorn, Italy), from a calcite vein that was cracked open by sea waves (last photo). Enjoy!

🇮🇹 Una collezione di cristalli di calcite in mostra su una spiaggia vicino Antignano (Livorno), da una vena di calcite aperta dalla forza delle onde (ultima foto). Buona visione!

⛏Argille a Palombini
🧭Antignano, Livorno, Italy
© Samuele Papeschi/GW

#geology #minerals #calcite #vein #carbonate #mineralogy #museum #geologia #minerali #collezionismo #mineralcollection #museum #rockhound #rockhounding #nature #earth #crystals #antignano #livorno

‘Pancake’ or ‘Piadina’? 👨‍🍳 🇬

‘Pancake’ or ‘Piadina’? 👨‍🍳

🇬🇧 Micas are ‘flat’, platy minerals with extremely variable optical and physical properties depending on the orientation. The typical very high interference colors (e.g. upper blue/light blue crystal at top) reduce to first-order greys close to the basal section (the ‘pancake’ in the center). Also note the lack of cleavage planes in the pancake (not visible, since they are parallel to the basal plane), which, on the other hand, are well developed in the blue grain. The surrounding mineral is quartz, deformed as a ‘chessboard’ by grain boundary migration recrystallization. #CookingLessons with geologyistheway.

🇮🇹 Le miche sono minerali appiattiti, a ‘foglietti’ con proprietà ottiche e fisiche che variano enormemente a seconda della loro orientazione. I tipici coloro di interferenza elevati (es: cristallo blu/azzurro in alto) si riducono a grigi del prim’ordine in prossimità della sezione basale (la ‘piadina’ al centro). Notate inoltre la mancanza di sfaldature nella piadina (non visibili perché parallele alla sezione basale), che sono invece ben sviluppate nel cristallo azzurro. Il minerale circostante è quarzo, ricristallizzato a ‘scacchiera’ per grain boundary migration. #LezioniDiCucina con geologyistheway

🔬 CPL | NX - PPL | N//
⇔ 3 mm

⛏Deformed pegmatite | Pegmatite deformata
🕑Late Miocene
🧭Calamita, Isola d’Elba, Italy
© Samuele Papeschi/GW

💻 ENG: https://geologyistheway.com/minerals/muscovite-phengite/
IT: https://geologyistheway.com/it/minerals/muscovite-fengite/

#geology #geologyrocks #minerals #muscovite #mica #quartz #colors #crystals #thinsection #mineralogy #petrology #petrography #earth #nature #rocks #rockhound #calamita #elba #italy

🇬🇧 I love the so-called ‘anagenites’ of

🇬🇧 I love the so-called ‘anagenites’ of the Monti Pisani for their perfectly rounded quartz pebbles 👌. These Middle Triassic conglomerates recorded a moment in which Italy was covered by semi-arid floodplains with reptiles and even dinosaurs roaming around. The cobbles derived from the erosion of the (then) tall mountains of the Variscan belt.

🇮🇹 Adoro le cosidette ‘anageniti’ dei Monti Pisani per i loro ciottoli di quarzo perfettamente arrotondati 👌. Questi conglomerati del Triassico Medio hanno registrato un momento in cui l’italia era coperta da piane alluvionali semiaride attraversate da rettili e persino dinosauri. I ciottoli derivavano dall’erosione dalle (allora) alte montagne della catena Varisica.

⛏Anageniti Grossolane, Verrucano Group
🕑Anisian-Ladinian (Middle Triassic)

🧭Monte Verruca, Monti Pisani, Pisa, Italy
© Samuele Papeschi/GW.

🇬🇧 https://geologyistheway.com/sedimentary/conglomerate-and-breccia/
🇮🇹 https://geologyistheway.com/it/sedimentary/conglomerato-e-breccia/

#geology #geologyrocks #geologypage #geologia #geologist #geologystudent #rockhound #rockhounding #outcrop #rocks #fieldwork #conglomerate #quartz #pebble #cobble #sedimentary #rock #nature #Earth #Earthpics #Earthpix #Earthphoto #montipisani #Pisa #verruca

🇬🇧 Sometimes you don’t need to go very far

🇬🇧 Sometimes you don’t need to go very far to enjoy some good geology... at least this is true for the people of Girona, who have medieval buildings and the city walls built of a nummulitic limestone known as Pedra de Girona. This single-celled organisms lived in the Eocene seas, between 48 and 41 million years ago and you can comfortably find them in buildings all around the Mediterranean (notably in the pyramids at Giza).
If you have missed my post, you can read more here:

https://geologyistheway.com/blog/2021/02/18/urban-geology-nummulites-on-the-stone-walls-of-girona-catalonia/

🇮🇹 A volte non c’è bisogno di andare troppo lontano per godersi un po’ di buona geologia... o almeno questo è vero per gli abitanti di Girona, che hanno edifici medievali, nonché le mura cittadine, costituite da un calcare nummulitico noto come Pedra de Girona. Questi organismi unicellulari vivevano nei mari dell’Eocene, fra 48 e 41 milioni di anni e li si può trovare comodamente in edifici in tutto il Mediterraneo (anche nelle piramidi di Giza, tra l’altro). Se vi siete persi il mio post, potete trovare un approfondimento qui:

https://geologyistheway.com/it/2021/02/18/geologia-urbana-nummuliti-sulle-mura-di-girona-catalogna/

#fossil #fossilfinds #fossilhunting #fossilhunter #paleontology #geology #geologyrocks #life #ancientlife #outcrop #shell #malacology #conchiglie #geologia #nummulite #foraminifera #forams #girona #catalogna #cataluña #catalunia #spain #travel #urbangeology #nature #photography #medievalwalls

Badass flute casts | slide to admire 🇬🇧 Yes

Badass flute casts | slide to admire

🇬🇧 Yesterday we found some badass flute casts at the base of a sandstone layer! These are marks left on the seafloor when a current – in this case a turbidity current – erodes the muddy substratum. Not only they are uber-useful as indicators of the direction of a paleocurrent, but they tell you which way is they top in folded and deformed sedimentary sequences. These are ‘casts’ on the bottom of the layer, so the top is to the right.

🇮🇹 Ieri abbiamo trovato alcuni solchi di erosione (‘flute casts’) davvero cazzuti alla base di uno strato di arenaria! Queste sono tracce lasciate sul fondale marino quando una corrente – in questo caso una corrente torbiditica – erode il substrato fangoso. Non solo sono super utili come indicatori della direzione di una paleocorrente, ma indicano anche egregiamente dove si trova l’alto in sequenze sedimentarie piegate e deformate. Questi sono ‘calchi’ sul fondo dello strato, perciò l’alto sta a destra.

⛏Ligurian Flysch, Ligurian Units
🕑Paleogene

🧭Calafuria, Livorno, Italy

#geology #sedimentology #sedimentary #sedimentaryrock #sepmgeo #flutecast #outcrop #fieldwork #nature #earth #turbidite #calafuria #livorno #italy #erosion

#🇬🇧 Radiating crystals of wollastonite 👌

#🇬🇧 Radiating crystals of wollastonite 👌 in a calc-silicate marble. Wollastonite is a mineral closely related to pyroxenes in terms of structure, but with a different geometry of the tetrahedral chains.

🇮🇹 Cristalli fibroso-raggiati di wollastonite 👌 in un marmo a calc-silicati. La wollastonite è un minerale vicino ai pirosseni in senso strutturale, ma con una geometria delle catene tetraedriche differente.

🔬 CPL | NX - PPL | N// - AP | LA
⇔ 3 mm
🧭Norsi, Isola d'Elba
© Samuele Papeschi/GW.

💻 ENG: https://geologyistheway.com/minerals/wollastonite/
IT: https://geologyistheway.com/it/minerals/wollastonite/

#geology #geologia #geologyrocks #geologist #thinsection #petrography #petrografia #minerals #minerali #science #chemistry #microworld #rockhound #mineralporn #wollastonite #crystal #nature #skarn #marble #calcsilicate #norsi #elba #elbacolors #elbaisland #italy

🇬🇧 Basal section of king-size staurolite cry

🇬🇧 Basal section of king-size staurolite crystal, associated with quartz, white mica, and some biotite and oxides in a paragneiss.

🇮🇹 Sezione basale di un cristallo ‘king-size’ di staurolite, in associazione con quarzo, mica bianca e un pò di biotite e ossidi in un paragneiss.

🔬 CPL | NX - PPL | N//
⇔ 5 mm
🧭Posada Valley, NE Sardinia, Italy
© Samuele Papeschi/GW

💻 ENG: https://geologyistheway.com/minerals/staurolite/
IT: https://geologyistheway.com/it/minerals/staurolite/

#geology #geologia #staurolite #crystal #minerals #metamorphicrock #metamorphism #paragneiss #sardinia #sardegna #minerali #nature #colors #Earth #thinsection #petrography #science

🇬🇧 As an only child, I can’t imagine havin

🇬🇧 As an only child, I can’t imagine having so many twins! Twinned dolomite crystals in a deformed carbonate vein. Love the patterns!

🇮🇹 Come figlio unico, non potrei mai immaginare avere tanti gemelli! Cristalli di dolomite geminati in una vena a carbonati deformati. Adoro i disegni che creano!

🔬 CPL | NX - PPL | N//
⇔ 3 mm
🧭Norsi, Island of Elba, Italy
© Samuele Papeschi/GW

#minerals #mineralspecimen #dolomite #carbonate #twins #thinsection #petrography #colors #petrografia #sezionesottile #minerali #geology #geologia #geologystudent #nature #naturephoto #earth #crystals #rocks

🇬🇧 Prismatic and basal sections of tremolite

🇬🇧 Prismatic and basal sections of tremolite amphibole in a tremolite – talc skarn. This is an amphibole hornfels facies rock, derived from the metamorphism of some carbonate-bearing ultramafic rock. Tremolite is produced by the reaction between dolomite and quartz (or silica brought by fluids). The brownish ‘dirt’ at PPL are clay minerals.

🇮🇹 Sezioni prismatiche e basali di anfibolo tremolite in uno skarn a talco e tremolite. Questa è una roccia di facies hornfels ad anfibolo derivante dal metamorfismo di qualche roccia ultramafica a carbonati. La tremolite deriva da una reazione fra dolomite e quarzo (o silice portata da fluidi). Lo ‘sporco’ marrone a N// sono minerali argillosi.

🔬 PPL | N// - CPL | NX
⇔ 1 mm
🧭Norsi, Island of Elba, Italy
© Samuele Papeschi/GW

💻 ENG: https://geologyistheway.com/minerals/tremolite/
IT: https://geologyistheway.com/it/minerals/tremolite/

#geology #minerals #colors #tremolite #amphibole #talc #skarn #petrography #thinsection #geologia #elba #norsi #nature #earth #crystals

🇬🇧 Soft-sediment deformation at the top of a

🇬🇧 Soft-sediment deformation at the top of a turbidite sequence, where original plane lamination (bottom) and cross-lamination (top) have been warped by the accummulation of water, which couldn’t escape easily from the impermeable top (claystone) of the turbidite bed.

🇮🇹 Deformazione di sedimenti soffici al tetto di una sequenza torbiditica, dove l’originale laminazione piano parallela (in basso) e incrociata (in alto) è stata distorta dall’accumulo di acqua, che non riusciva a fuoriuscire facilmente dallo strato impermeabile di argillite che sigillava questo strato torbiditico.

Cala del Leone, Quercianella, Italy

#geology #geologyrocks #geologypage #geologia #geologist #geologystudent #rockhound #rockhounding #outcrop #rocks #fieldwork #nature #naturephotography #naturephoto #earth #earthpix #earthpics #sedimentary #sedimentaryrocks #sediment #sedimentology #lamination #bedding #convolute #water #softsediment #deformation #hammerforscale

Is this the source of all coprolites? #geomeme #g

Is this the source of all coprolites?

#geomeme #geology #geologyrocks #coprolite #coproliteposting #coprolitehappens #shitpost #rock #bottom

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