Rip-up clasts
Rip-up clasts (also known as mud chips) are clasts of muddy sediment of variable size that are found within sandstone or conglomerate. As the name suggests, they form when high-energy currents erode pre-existing mud from the bottom of the basin, transporting it as clasts that are later re-deposited. Rip-up clasts form in muddy sediments because mud is impermeable and cohesive, allowing it to remain as compact clasts when it is torn away from the substratum by a current. This sedimentary structure is common in many marine and continental environments where erosion alternates with deposition, for example alluvial plains, deltas, and underwater fans.
References
Henares, S., Arribas, J., Cultrone, G., & Viseras, C. (2016). Muddy and dolomitic rip-up clasts in Triassic fluvial sandstones: Origin and impact on potential reservoir properties (Argana Basin, Morocco). Sedimentary Geology, 339, 218-233.
Ishizawa, T., Goto, K., Yokoyama, Y., Miyairi, Y., Sawada, C., & Takada, K. (2018). Reducing the age range of tsunami deposits by 14C dating of rip-up clasts. Sedimentary Geology, 364, 334-341.
Mackenzie, F. T., & Garrels, R. M. (1971). Evolution of sedimentary rocks. New York: Norton.
Pettijohn, F. J. (1975). Sedimentary rocks (Vol. 3). New York: Harper & Row.
Lucchi, F. R. (1995). Sedimentographica: Photographic atlas of sedimentary structures. Columbia University Press.
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